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Housing Market Dynamics

Paper Session

Friday, Jan. 5, 2024 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM (CST)

Marriott Rivercenter, Conference Room 10
Hosted By: American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association
  • Chair: Carlos Hurtado, University of Richmond

Buy-to-Live vs. Buy-to-Let: The Impact of Real Estate Investors on Housing Costs and Neighborhoods

Sjoerd van Bekkum
,
Erasmus University Rotterdam
Marc Francke
,
University of Amsterdam
Lianne Hans
,
Kadaster
Matthijs Korevaar
,
Erasmus University Rotterdam
Paul de Vries
,
Kadaster

Abstract

How do buy-to-let investors impact local housing markets and the composition of neighborhoods? We investigate this question by examining a Dutch legal ban on buy-to-let investments, exploiting quasi-experimental variation in its coverage. The ban effectively reduced investor purchases and increased the share of first-time home-buyers, but did not have a discernible impact on house prices or the likelihood of property sales. However, the policy caused a change in neighborhood composition as tenants of investor-purchased properties tend to be younger, have lower incomes, and are more likely to have a migration background. Our results suggest rental investors influence local housing conditions primarily through changing the residential composition of neighborhoods rather than direct house price effects.

Investors in Housing Markets: Comparing Two Booms

Pedro Gete
,
IE University
Carlos Garriga
,
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Athena Tsouderou
,
University of Miami

Abstract

We conduct a large-scale data analysis to compare housing investors in the periods before and after the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). Post-GFC investors differ from pre-GFC investors in several key ways: They are less likely to use leverage, are residents in wealthier and more educated areas, and are more sophisticated. They have a buy-and-hold strategy, are less likely to sell in response to capital gains and more likely to hold properties longer in response to rental yields. These differences have implications for market liquidity and monetary policy transmission sensitivity. Moreover, post-GFC investors are less susceptible to behavioral biases.

Housing Market and Capitalization of Information: Case of Land Leases

Heidi Falkenbach
,
Aalto University
Oskari Harjunen
,
Aalto University and VATT Institute for Economic Research
Erik Mäkelä
,
University of Turku
Elias Oikarinen
,
University of Oulu and Aalto University

Abstract

We study how the announced future land rent increases capitalize into leasehold apartment prices. We investigate a case, where the City of Helsinki, Finland, announced over 15-fold rent increases for the ground lease contracts on residential land that were expiring in the near future. Our empirical strategy is based on a difference-in-differences design where we compare transactions of the leasehold units with those of near-identical freehold apartments. We find that before the first rent increase episode homebuyers were inattentive to their expected long-run housing expenses, which resulted in significant overpricing of leasehold apartments relative to corresponding freehold units. The results further suggest that housing market participants react on announced contract renewals and appear to learn the importance of the ground ownership feature when they are exposed to more and more information regarding rental contract updates.

An Index of Local Zoning: How Does It Correlate with House Prices?

Susan Wachter
,
University of Pennsylvania
Richard Voith
,
Econsult Solutions
Desen Lin
,
California State University-Fullerton
David Stanek
,
Econsult Solutions

Abstract

The regulation of land use through zoning in the United States is a complex matter, as it is the responsibility of numerous local authorities, including municipalities and counties. Consequently, there exists considerable variation in zoning ordinances from one jurisdiction to another, making it challenging to assess the impacts of zoning on a large scale. While the literature recognizes the importance of zoning in land use regulation, prior studies have either been geographically restricted or relied on surveys of administrators to obtain information about zoning ordinances. This paper introduces a novel land use restrictiveness index that provides local-level estimates of the number of housing units allowed per acre under municipal zoning ordinances in census block groups. We demonstrate that zoning has a more pronounced effect on house prices in the upper end of the price distribution across different states, and we provide estimates of the price elasticity of restrictiveness by state and by percentile of state-level price distributions.

Discussant(s)
Christopher Luke Watson
,
Michigan State University
Malin Hu
,
Vanderbilt University
Tracy Margo Turner
,
Iowa State University
Jonathan Moreno-Medina
,
University of Texas-San Antonio
JEL Classifications
  • R3 - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location
  • R5 - Regional Government Analysis