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Health of Vulnerable Groups

Paper Session

Friday, Jan. 5, 2018 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM

Marriott Philadelphia Downtown, Meeting Room 415
Hosted By: Association of Christian Economists
  • Chair: Sarah Hamersma, Syracuse University

Just a Minute: The Effect of Emergency Department Wait Time on the Cost of Care

Lindsey Woodworth
,
University of South Carolina

Abstract

Long emergency department wait times are recognized as potentially threatening to patients’ health. This study uses the stringency of a patient’s emergency department triage nurse as an instrumental variable to identify the impact of wait time on the total cost to care for the patient. Among patients with the most acute conditions, a one hour increase in wait time leads to an approximately 30% increase in costs. The magnitude of this effect dissipates (fading to zero) among patients with less urgent conditions.

The Effect of the State Children’s Health Insurance Program on the Mental and Behavioral Health of Children

Sarah Hamersma
,
Syracuse University
Jinqi Ye
,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Abstract

In this paper, we examine the effects of public health insurance expansions during 1997-2002 on the mental and behavioral health of children. Using three waves of the National Survey of America’s Families (NSAF) and legislative State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) income eligibility thresholds by state-year-age, we explore the causal impact of SCHIP generosity on participation, general health care utilization, mental health service utilization, and finally children’s mental and behavioral health measures. Our results first show that SCHIP thresholds significantly increased public health insurance coverage and general health care utilization. However, there is almost no statistically significant evidence of increases in mental health care utilization or improvements in general mental health outcomes for the whole sample. When we focus on the Assessing the New Federalism (ANF) “study states” that comprise the bulk of the NSAF sample, we find a bit more evidence that SCHIP expansions may have slightly increased the probability of receiving mental health care, as well as improved a few specific mental health outcomes for some age groups, but overall estimated effects remain small.

Effect of Craigslist on Violence Against Women

Scott Cunningham
,
Baylor University
Gregory DeAngelo
,
West Virginia University
John Tripp
,
Baylor University

Abstract

Female prostitution is both illegal in most American cities and extremely dangerous, as prostitutes face risks of violence from the environment and clients. Previous studies suggest that prostitution has the highest homicide rate of any female intensive occupation in the United States by several orders of magnitude. Policies that can efficiently minimize these hazards are therefore of prima facie importance. Between 2002 and 2010, Craigslist provided an "erotic services" section on its front page which was used almost exclusively by prostitutes to advertise illegal sex services. The company opened this service in different cities at different points in time. We use a differences-in-differences strategy to identify its causal effect on female safety and find that Craigslist erotic services reduced the female homicide rate by 17.4 percent. We also find modest evidence that erotic services reduced female rape offenses. Our analysis suggests that this reduction in female violence was the result of street prostitutes moving indoors and matching more efficiently with safer clients.
Discussant(s)
Daniel Wilmoth
,
U.S. Small Business Administration
Catherine Maclean
,
Temple University
Mark Hoekstra
,
Texas A&M University
JEL Classifications
  • I1 - Health