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We evaluate a large-scale public preschool construction program in deprived rural communities
in Mozambique using a randomized control trial. The program increased preschool enrollment
from 2% to 75%, improved primary school enrollment and progression, and led treated children to
score higher in cognitive and social-emotional skills tests. Impacts were strongest among children
of illiterate parents, in less poor households, and living near the preschools. We provide evidence
that preschool construction mediates later educational success at primary school-age. We also
detect increased parental investment in children and higher preschool enrollment for younger siblings.
Finally, we estimate the program was implemented cost-effectively.
