American Economic Journal:
Macroeconomics
ISSN 1945-7707 (Print) | ISSN 1945-7715 (Online)
Some Evidence on Secular Drivers of US Safe Real Rates
American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics
vol. 11,
no. 4, October 2019
(pp. 113–39)
(Complimentary)
Abstract
We study long-run correlations between safe real interest rates in the United States and over 30 variables that have been hypothesized to influence real rates. The list of variables is motivated by an intertermporal IS equation, by models of aggregate savings and investment, and by reduced-form studies. We use annual data, mostly from 1890 to 2016. We find that safe real interest rates are correlated as expected with demographic measures. For example, the long-run correlation with labor force hours growth is positive, which is consistent with overlapping generations models. For another example, the long-run correlation with the proportion of 40 to 64 year-olds in the population is negative. This is consistent with standard theory where middle-aged workers are high savers who drive down real interest rates. In contrast to standard theory, we do not find productivity to be positively correlated with real rates. Most other variables have a mixed relationship with the real rate, with long-run correlations that are statistically or economically large in some samples and by some measures but not in others.Citation
Lunsford, Kurt G., and Kenneth D. West. 2019. "Some Evidence on Secular Drivers of US Safe Real Rates." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 11 (4): 113–39. DOI: 10.1257/mac.20180005Additional Materials
JEL Classification
- E21 Macroeconomics: Consumption; Saving; Wealth
- E22 Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity
- E24 Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
- E43 Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
- E52 Monetary Policy
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